Much Many A lot of 用法一次搞懂
Much, many, a lot of 這三個數量詞都翻成「許多」,到底用法上有什麼差別呢? 與名詞連用時,much只能與不可數名詞連用,many只能與可數名詞的複數型連用,a lot of/lots of 可接可數名詞或不可數名詞都可以,但在正式與非正式情境的句型上到底much, many, a lot of該如何運用是比較貼切的呢? much, many, a lot of除了與名詞連用外還有其他詞性或常用搭配詞的用法嗎? 本文將以例句及實際情境解析much many a lot of在不同情境中的用法,讓你對這三個字詞的用法能一次精準掌握。
much, many, a lot of 用法: 數量詞與例句
Much, many, a lot of/lots of 這三個數量詞都翻成「許多」,與名詞連用時,much只能與「不可數名詞」連用,many只能與「可數名詞的複數型」連用,a lot of/lots of 可接「可數名詞」或「不可數名詞」都可以,a lot of 與 lots of 意思與用法相同,我們來看下面一段日常生活中簡單的訪談對話:
>A: How much homework do you have to do every day?
你每天需要做多少作業?
B: I don’t have much homework.我沒有很多作業。
A: How much tea or coffee do you drink every day?
你每天喝多少茶或咖啡。
B: I don’t drink much coffee or tea. I prefer to drink water.
我沒有喝很多茶或咖啡,我比較喜歡喝水。
A: How many cats do you have?
你有幾隻貓咪?
B: I have two cats.
我有兩隻貓咪。
A: How many languages can you speak?
你會講幾種語言?
B: I can speak Mandarin and English.
我會說中文和英文。
A: Do you have a lot of friends?
你有很多朋友嗎?
B: Yes, I do. I have a lot of friends.
是的,有很多朋友。
A: Do you eat a lot of vegetables or meat?
你吃很多蔬菜或肉嗎?
B: I eat a lot of vegetables, but I don’t eat much meat.
我吃很多蔬菜,但是肉我吃的不多。
A: Are there a lot of good restaurants in your community?
在你的社區有很多好餐廳嗎?
B: No, there aren’t a lot of good restaurants. If I want to eat delicious food, I usually go to Taichung.
沒有很多好餐廳,如果我想吃美食我通常會去台中。
在上述的對話中,homework, tea, coffee, meat是不可數名詞,可跟much或 a lot of 連用;cat, language, friend, vegetable, restaurant 是可數名詞,跟many 或 a lot of 連用,注意可數名詞與many, a lot of連用時是複數型喔!
如果對話情境中指稱的東西非常明確,有時候我們會把修飾的名詞省略,例如: 兩位朋友到圖書館去借書
Susan: Did you find any books you like?
你有找到你喜歡的書嗎?
Mary: Not many. How about you?
沒有很多。你呢?
Susan: I found a few books I want to borrow. They are all about psychology.
我找到一些我想借的書,他們都是關於心理學。
在上述情境中,Mary 回答Susan: Not many. 這邊的books 被省略了,因為在問句中已經講了要借的是書本,回答時就不一定要把books講出來。
又例如: 兩位室友一起吃晚餐,但Jenny比平常吃的還要少並看著食物發呆
Samantha: You haven’t eaten much.
你吃的不多。
Jenny: I have no appetite. I have to give a presentation in front of 200 people tomorrow. I’m so nervous.
我沒胃口,我明天要在兩百人面前報告我超緊張的。
這邊的情境Samantha說 You haven’t eaten much.這邊food被省略了,因為上下文很明顯之道是在說食物。
練習題: 下面是一份關於個人健康習慣的問卷,請在空格內填入much或many
1. How ______ hours of sleep do you usually get every day?
2. How _______servings of vegetables do you eat every day?
3. How _______red meat do you eat per week?
4. How _______ meals do you eat every day?
5. How _______exercise do you do every week?
6. How ______ times a day do you brush your teeth?
7. How ______hours a day do you watch TV or play video games?
8. How _______coffee or tea do you drink every day?
9. How _______glasses of water do you drink every day?
10. How _____ soda or juice do you drink every day?
答案:
1. many 2. many 3. much 4. many 5. much
6. many 7. many 8. much 9. many 10. much
much, many, a lot of 用法:正式與非正式情境
多數的學生在學習much, many, a lot of的用法時比較少去注意到這些數量詞在非正式的一般日常對話或正式的學術寫作中應用的差別,簡單地來說,日常對話中much, many 多用於問句及否定句中,基本上不會使用在肯定句中(尤其是much),肯定句若要表達「許多」的意思會使用a lot of/lots of 或其他數量詞來表達,大家可以再看一次上述的訪談對話中的幾個句子:
例句一:
A: How much homework do you have to do every day?
你每天需要做多少作業?
B: I don’t have much homework.
我沒有很多作業。
問每天要做多少作業,因為homework是不可數名詞,所以用how much來問,回答說沒有很多作業,這是否定的句子,可以用much來回答。
例句二:
A: Do you eat a lot of vegetables or meat?
你吃很多蔬菜或肉嗎?
B: I eat a lot of vegetables, but I don’t eat much meat.
我吃很多蔬菜,但是肉我吃的不多。
蔬菜vegetables是可數名詞,肉類是不可數名詞,兩者都可與a lot of/lots of 連用,答句肯定句說我吃很多蔬菜用I eat a lot of vegetables.來回答而非I eat many vegetables.是因為這是一個日常對話的情境,比較不會使用many, much於肯定句中,而是會使用 a lot of/lots of於肯定句中來表達「許多」的意思。但這當然也有例外,我們通常會使用many 而非 a lot of/lots of 來與時間詞 (如: days, minutes, months, weeks, years) 或數字[number of ~]這樣的詞語(如: thousands of houses, millions of dollars) 連用。
I used to spend many hours commuting from Changhua to Taichung.